Author: Josh
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Philosophy: Eudaimonia
In the ceaseless unfolding of human existence, we stand at a crossroads, perpetually wrestling with a question as ancient as it is urgent: What should we strive for? Across millennia, philosophers, poets, and everyday dreamers have offered a constellation of answers—happiness, meaning, pleasure, virtue, knowledge, freedom—each a beacon promising to guide us toward a life…
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Econ: The End of the Great Depression
(note, like all articles this is ai generated, and a different analysis may raise other issues; this is still worth thinking about. The AI model introduced the “هستید” right there, which means “Are you” – no edit by me) The Great Depression, a cataclysmic economic collapse that gripped the world from 1929 to the late…
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Econ: Tariffs, part 2
I. IntroductionTariffs, taxes imposed on imported or exported goods, are a cornerstone of international trade policy, wielded by governments to protect domestic industries, generate revenue, or exert geopolitical leverage. Yet, when major tariffs are introduced without warning, they can unleash economic shockwaves, disrupting markets that thrive on predictability. These surprise shocks ripple through supply chains,…
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Science: Neonicotonoids, plants, and bees
I. Introduction: The Toxic Betrayal of Modern AgricultureNeonicotinoids, commonly known as neonics, represent a class of systemic insecticides that have been heralded as a cornerstone of modern agriculture since their introduction in the 1990s. Marketed as a precise, efficient solution to pest control, neonics promised higher crop yields and reduced environmental impact compared to older…
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World-in-View: Civil Wars
I. Introduction Civil wars, defined as armed conflicts within a single nation between organized groups vying for political, ideological, ethnic, or territorial control, represent some of the most devastating and complex forms of human conflict. Unlike interstate wars, civil wars tear at the fabric of a nation’s social, political, and economic structures, often leaving deep…
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USA: Does Trump have the power to tariff?
The U.S. Constitution, under Article I, Section 8, explicitly assigns Congress the authority to regulate commerce with foreign nations and impose tariffs, granting it the power to “lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises” and to “regulate Commerce with foreign Nations.” This constitutional framework historically positioned Congress as the primary architect of tariff policy,…
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History: The Midnight Judges
I. Introduction The Midnight Judges affair of 1801 stands as a pivotal moment in American history, marking a critical juncture in the development of the U.S. judiciary and its role in the balance of power among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Occurring during the waning days of President John Adams’ administration, this event unfolded…
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Astro: Planet Nine
The concept of Planet Nine represents one of the most intriguing mysteries in modern astronomy, capturing the imagination of scientists and the public alike. This hypothetical planet, proposed to exist in the distant reaches of our Solar System, is thought to be a massive body—potentially 5 to 10 times the mass of Earth—orbiting the Sun…
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Health: Supernumerary teeth
Supernumerary teeth, often referred to as hyperdontia, are additional teeth that develop beyond the standard set of 32 permanent adult teeth. These extra teeth can appear in various regions of the mouth and may present in diverse shapes and sizes, ranging from fully formed teeth to malformed structures. Hyperdontia is a relatively uncommon dental anomaly,…
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Geo: The Peeling Earth
The “Peeling Earth” is a evocative metaphor for the ceaseless geological processes that sculpt Earth’s surface, with mountain ranges standing as the most dramatic expressions of this dynamic interplay. The term “peeling” captures the dual forces of tectonic uplift, which thrusts layers of the Earth’s crust skyward, and erosion, which relentlessly strips away these layers,…